Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Each question is followed by its correct answer.

MCQs on David Copperfield

1. Who is David Copperfield’s first wife?

a) Agnes Wickfield
b) Dora Spenlow
c) Emily Peggotty
d) Jane Murdstone

Answer: b) Dora Spenlow

2. What is the name of David’s cruel stepfather?

a) Uriah Heep
b) James Steerforth
c) Edward Murdstone
d) Mr. Micawber

Answer: c) Edward Murdstone

3. Who is David’s loyal childhood nurse?

a) Emily
b) Peggotty
c) Agnes
d) Betsey Trotwood

Answer: b) Peggotty

4. What is the profession David ultimately pursues?

a) Lawyer
b) Teacher
c) Writer
d) Doctor

Answer: c) Writer

5. Which character is known for frequently saying, “I am a humble person”?

a) Mr. Micawber
b) Uriah Heep
c) James Steerforth
d) Mr. Wickfield

Answer: b) Uriah Heep

6. Who exposes Uriah Heep’s fraudulent activities?

a) David Copperfield
b) Mr. Wickfield
c) Mr. Micawber
d) Agnes Wickfield

Answer: c) Mr. Micawber

7. Where does David first meet James Steerforth?

a) At Salem House
b) In his aunt Betsey’s house
c) In London
d) At Peggotty’s house

Answer: a) At Salem House

8. Who provides David with a stable home after he escapes the Murdstones?

a) Mr. Micawber
b) Peggotty
c) Betsey Trotwood
d) Mr. Wickfield

Answer: c) Betsey Trotwood

9. What tragic event befalls Emily in the story?

a) She dies at sea.
b) She is betrayed by James Steerforth.
c) She marries Uriah Heep.
d) She runs away to America.

Answer: b) She is betrayed by James Steerforth.

10. Who eventually becomes David’s second wife?

a) Dora Spenlow
b) Emily Peggotty
c) Agnes Wickfield
d) Miss Murdstone

Answer: c) Agnes Wickfield

11. What is the primary setting of the novel?

a) Paris
b) Victorian England
c) Scotland
d) Wales

Answer: b) Victorian England

12. What significant role does Mr. Micawber play in the story?

a) He helps David become a writer.
b) He exposes Uriah Heep’s fraud.
c) He marries Agnes.
d) He betrays David.

Answer: b) He exposes Uriah Heep’s fraud.

13. What is the name of the boarding school David attends?

a) Salem House
b) Canterbury Academy
c) Trotwood Hall
d) Wickfield School

Answer: a) Salem House

14. Who is Emily’s true love before her betrayal?

a) Ham Peggotty
b) James Steerforth
c) David Copperfield
d) Mr. Wickfield

Answer: a) Ham Peggotty

15. Which character serves as David’s moral compass throughout the novel?

a) Betsey Trotwood
b) Mr. Micawber
c) Agnes Wickfield
d) Peggotty

Answer: c) Agnes Wickfield

16. Who is David’s childhood friend and later betrayer?

a) Uriah Heep
b) Ham Peggotty
c) James Steerforth
d) Mr. Micawber

Answer: c) James Steerforth

17. What is the name of the shipwreck victim connected to David’s life?

a) Ham Peggotty
b) Mr. Micawber
c) Mr. Wickfield
d) James Steerforth

Answer: d) James Steerforth

18. What happens to Clara Copperfield, David’s mother?

a) She remarries and lives happily.
b) She runs away from Edward Murdstone.
c) She dies after giving birth to another child.
d) She moves to live with Betsey Trotwood.

Answer: c) She dies after giving birth to another child.

19. What does Betsey Trotwood initially hope for when David is born?

a) That David will become a lawyer.
b) That the baby will be a girl.
c) That David will inherit a fortune.
d) That David will live with her.

Answer: b) That the baby will be a girl.

20. What is Uriah Heep’s ultimate goal?

a) To marry Agnes Wickfield and take over her father’s business.
b) To become a wealthy writer.
c) To reconcile with David.
d) To expose Steerforth’s betrayal.

Answer: a) To marry Agnes Wickfield and take over her father’s business.

21. How does Mr. Micawber describe his financial situation throughout the novel?

a) “Something will turn up.”
b) “I must invest wisely.”
c) “I am beyond help.”
d) “All debts must be repaid.”

Answer: a) “Something will turn up.”

22. What does Steerforth’s mother do for a living?

a) She is a shopkeeper.
b) She runs a boarding house.
c) She is a widow living off her wealth.
d) She is a governess.

Answer: c) She is a widow living off her wealth.

23. Which character frequently suffers from excessive pride and arrogance?

a) James Steerforth
b) Mr. Wickfield
c) Ham Peggotty
d) Mr. Micawber

Answer: a) James Steerforth

24. What trait best describes Agnes Wickfield?

a) Scheming
b) Ambitious
c) Kind and selfless
d) Carefree and naïve

Answer: c) Kind and selfless

25. What happens to Edward Murdstone by the end of the novel?

a) He reforms his character.
b) He becomes bankrupt.
c) He is abandoned by Jane Murdstone and left alone.
d) His fate is left unresolved.

Answer: d) His fate is left unresolved.

26. What is Peggotty’s relationship to Ham?

a) She is his cousin.
b) She is his sister.
c) She is his aunt.
d) She is his stepmother.

Answer: c) She is his aunt.

27. How does David’s aunt, Betsey Trotwood, defy societal norms?

a) By running her own business.
b) By refusing to marry and living independently.
c) By adopting David as her own child.
d) By being outspoken and engaging in politics.

Answer: b) By refusing to marry and living independently.

28. What career path does Mr. Wickfield follow?

a) Lawyer
b) Merchant
c) Farmer
d) Banker

Answer: a) Lawyer

29. How does David come to know about his mother’s death?

a) Through a letter from Peggotty.
b) During his visit home from school.
c) From Mr. Murdstone.
d) By overhearing the news at Salem House.

Answer: b) During his visit home from school.

30. What ultimately happens to Emily (Little Em’ly)?

a) She marries Ham Peggotty.
b) She lives a new life abroad with her uncle, Mr. Peggotty.
c) She dies after being betrayed by Steerforth.
d) She becomes a governess.

Answer: b) She lives a new life abroad with her uncle, Mr. Peggotty.

31. Who helps David secure a position as a proctor?

a) Mr. Micawber
b) Mr. Spenlow
c) Mr. Wickfield
d) James Steerforth

Answer: b) Mr. Spenlow

32. What does Mr. Dick obsessively write about?

a) His financial troubles
b) King Charles I
c) His childhood memories
d) His hatred of Uriah Heep

Answer: b) King Charles I

33. What name does David call his first wife, Dora Spenlow, affectionately?

a) Little Blossom
b) Little Dora
c) My Angel
d) Little Betsey

Answer: a) Little Blossom

34. How does James Steerforth manipulate Little Em’ly?

a) He persuades her to elope with him.
b) He promises her wealth.
c) He forces her to work for his family.
d) He tricks her into signing away her inheritance.

Answer: a) He persuades her to elope with him.

35. Who is Miss Mowcher, and what role does she play?

a) A governess who educates David.
b) A hairdresser who warns David about Steerforth’s behavior.
c) A lawyer who defends Mr. Micawber.
d) A seamstress who befriends Peggotty.

Answer: b) A hairdresser who warns David about Steerforth’s behavior.

36. How does Ham Peggotty die?

a) In a shipwreck while trying to save someone.
b) In a duel with James Steerforth.
c) Of illness after Emily’s betrayal.
d) In a fight with Uriah Heep.

Answer: a) In a shipwreck while trying to save someone.

37. What is the name of the boarding house where David stays in London?

a) Salem House
b) The Micawber Inn
c) The Gray’s Inn
d) The Copperfield Residence

Answer: c) The Gray’s Inn

38. Why does David dislike his time at Salem House?

a) He is bullied by Mr. Creakle and Steerforth.
b) He feels homesick for Peggotty and his mother.
c) He is constantly punished by the headmaster.
d) He struggles to understand the curriculum.

Answer: b) He feels homesick for Peggotty and his mother.

39. What is the occupation of Ham Peggotty?

a) A sailor
b) A fisherman
c) A lawyer
d) A carpenter

Answer: b) A fisherman

40. Who is the lawyer that employs Uriah Heep?

a) Mr. Wickfield
b) Mr. Spenlow
c) Mr. Micawber
d) Mr. Dick

Answer: a) Mr. Wickfield

41. What does Betsey Trotwood famously object to?

a) Wasting money on extravagance
b) Donkeys trespassing on her lawn
c) David marrying Dora Spenlow
d) Children working in factories

Answer: b) Donkeys trespassing on her lawn

42. How does Mr. Micawber help bring Uriah Heep to justice?

a) By writing a public confession.
b) By exposing Heep’s financial fraud through documents.
c) By testifying against Heep in court.
d) By confronting him in front of David.

Answer: b) By exposing Heep’s financial fraud through documents.

43. What nickname does Mr. Micawber often use for his wife?

a) My Darling Emma
b) My Better Half
c) My Angelic Partner
d) My Dear Friend

Answer: a) My Darling Emma

44. Who is responsible for the financial ruin of Mr. Wickfield?

a) Uriah Heep
b) James Steerforth
c) Mr. Micawber
d) David Copperfield

Answer: a) Uriah Heep

45. How does David feel about his stepfather, Edward Murdstone?

a) He admires him for his discipline.
b) He despises him for his cruelty.
c) He grows to respect him over time.
d) He is indifferent to him.

Answer: b) He despises him for his cruelty.

46. Why does Steerforth return to England?

a) To marry Emily.
b) To reconcile with his family.
c) To attend his mother’s funeral.
d) To take part in the events leading to the shipwreck.

Answer: d) To take part in the events leading to the shipwreck.

47. What major event solidifies David and Agnes’s relationship?

a) The death of Dora Spenlow.
b) The downfall of Uriah Heep.
c) David’s realization of Agnes’s love.
d) Betsey Trotwood’s insistence on their marriage.

Answer: c) David’s realization of Agnes’s love.

48. What does David do after Dora’s death?

a) Travels abroad to recover.
b) Becomes a recluse.
c) Marries Agnes immediately.
d) Moves in with Betsey Trotwood.

Answer: a) Travels abroad to recover.

49. What is the final fate of Uriah Heep?

a) He flees the country.
b) He is arrested and sent to prison.
c) He dies in a duel.
d) He repents for his crimes.

Answer: b) He is arrested and sent to prison.

50. What is the ultimate message of David Copperfield?

a) Success comes from hard work and integrity.
b) Wealth and status determine happiness.
c) Life is shaped by fate alone.
d) Love is not as important as ambition.

Answer: a) Success comes from hard work and integrity.

51. What happens to Steerforth’s body after the shipwreck?

a) It is never found.
b) It is buried by Mr. Peggotty.
c) Ham discovers it washed ashore.
d) It is claimed by his mother.

Answer: c) Ham discovers it washed ashore.

52. Who takes care of David after his birth?

a) Jane Murdstone
b) Peggotty
c) Miss Trotwood
d) Mr. Wickfield

Answer: b) Peggotty

53. What is Betsey Trotwood’s relationship to David?

a) His maternal aunt
b) His paternal aunt
c) His grandmother
d) A family friend

Answer: a) His maternal aunt

54. How does David meet Mr. Micawber?

a) As a lodger in London
b) While working in a warehouse
c) Through Mr. Wickfield
d) At Salem House

Answer: b) While working in a warehouse

55. Why does Emily leave her home?

a) To escape an arranged marriage
b) To elope with Steerforth
c) To pursue a career
d) To travel with her uncle

Answer: b) To elope with Steerforth

56. Who is Tommy Traddles?

a) David’s schoolmate and lifelong friend
b) A lawyer who helps expose Heep
c) A servant in the Murdstone household
d) Emily’s suitor

Answer: a) David’s schoolmate and lifelong friend

57. What is Mr. Micawber’s financial philosophy?

a) Spend within your means.
b) Borrow from friends in times of need.
c) Always expect something to turn up.
d) Save aggressively for the future.

Answer: c) Always expect something to turn up.

58. What role does Mr. Peggotty play in Emily’s life after her elopement?

a) He disowns her out of shame.
b) He searches tirelessly for her.
c) He moves to London to start a new life without her.
d) He forces her to marry Ham Peggotty.

Answer: b) He searches tirelessly for her.

59. How does David describe Agnes Wickfield throughout the novel?

a) His angel and guiding star
b) His closest friend
c) His first love
d) A sisterly figure

Answer: a) His angel and guiding star

60. What causes the financial downfall of Mr. Wickfield’s law firm?

a) Mr. Wickfield’s alcoholism
b) Uriah Heep’s fraud and manipulation
c) David’s mistakes as a clerk
d) Poor investments in London

Answer: b) Uriah Heep’s fraud and manipulation

61. Who influences David to leave his job in the wine warehouse?

a) Mr. Peggotty
b) Mr. Micawber
c) Betsey Trotwood
d) James Steerforth

Answer: c) Betsey Trotwood

62. What does Steerforth do to Little Em’ly’s reputation?

a) He marries her but later abandons her.
b) He elopes with her and then leaves her disgraced.
c) He forces her to become a governess.
d) He helps her achieve financial independence.

Answer: b) He elopes with her and then leaves her disgraced.

63. What does Betsey Trotwood lose during the novel?

a) Her house
b) Her savings
c) Her title as a landowner
d) Her trust in Mr. Wickfield

Answer: b) Her savings

64. Why does Dora Spenlow struggle in her marriage to David?

a) She is immature and unable to manage household responsibilities.
b) She disagrees with David’s career.
c) She feels pressured to have children.
d) She has no interest in marriage.

Answer: a) She is immature and unable to manage household responsibilities.

65. What does Mr. Dick help Betsey Trotwood with?

a) Managing her finances
b) Drafting legal documents
c) Calming her nerves during stressful times
d) Finding David a job

Answer: c) Calming her nerves during stressful times

66. How does David finally achieve success?

a) Through his work as a proctor
b) By writing novels and earning recognition
c) By inheriting his aunt’s wealth
d) By running a successful law firm

Answer: b) By writing novels and earning recognition

67. What is the symbolic significance of the shipwreck?

a) It represents the destruction caused by Steerforth’s arrogance.
b) It symbolizes the changing fortunes of the Peggotty family.
c) It highlights David’s fear of failure.
d) It marks the turning point in Mr. Micawber’s life.

Answer: a) It represents the destruction caused by Steerforth’s arrogance.

68. What does Betsey Trotwood do when she learns of David’s struggles?

a) She encourages him to work harder.
b) She takes him into her home and supports his education.
c) She writes a letter to Mr. Murdstone asking for help.
d) She sends David to live with Peggotty.

Answer: b) She takes him into her home and supports his education.

69. What is Uriah Heep’s defining characteristic?

a) False humility
b) Extreme generosity
c) Carefree optimism
d) Arrogance

Answer: a) False humility

70. Who saves Emily from further disgrace after she is abandoned by Steerforth?

a) David Copperfield
b) Mr. Peggotty
c) Ham Peggotty
d) Miss Mowcher

Answer: b) Mr. Peggotty

71. What is the name of the schoolmaster at Salem House?

a) Mr. Creakle
b) Mr. Wickfield
c) Mr. Murdstone
d) Mr. Micawber

Answer: a) Mr. Creakle

72. Why does Betsey Trotwood initially reject David as her heir?

a) She believes he will waste her money.
b) She is disappointed that he is not a girl.
c) She doesn’t trust Clara Copperfield’s parenting.
d) She favors another relative.

Answer: b) She is disappointed that he is not a girl.

73. What does James Steerforth call David?

a) Daisy
b) Davy
c) Copperfield
d) Little David

Answer: a) Daisy

74. What event prompts David to leave London and travel abroad?

a) Dora’s death
b) The betrayal by Steerforth
c) Uriah Heep’s imprisonment
d) His mother’s remarriage

Answer: a) Dora’s death

75. How does Agnes feel about David throughout the novel?

a) She is secretly in love with him.
b) She views him as a brother.
c) She disapproves of his choices.
d) She is indifferent to him.

Answer: a) She is secretly in love with him.

76. What is the relationship between Ham and Little Em’ly?

a) Cousins and childhood sweethearts
b) Siblings
c) Teacher and student
d) Friends only

Answer: a) Cousins and childhood sweethearts

77. Who takes over Mr. Wickfield’s business under fraudulent pretenses?

a) Uriah Heep
b) Mr. Micawber
c) James Steerforth
d) Betsey Trotwood

Answer: a) Uriah Heep

78. What motivates Mr. Peggotty to search for Little Em’ly after she leaves?

a) A desire to restore her honor
b) A need to punish Steerforth
c) His own feelings of guilt
d) A promise to Ham

Answer: a) A desire to restore her honor

79. What role does Miss Murdstone play in David’s early life?

a) She is a kind aunt who supports him.
b) She is his stepfather’s sister and enforces strict discipline.
c) She becomes David’s governess.
d) She helps David escape Mr. Murdstone.

Answer: b) She is his stepfather’s sister and enforces strict discipline.

80. How does David come to know Agnes Wickfield?

a) She is his schoolmate.
b) She is the daughter of his employer, Mr. Wickfield.
c) She is Betsey Trotwood’s neighbor.
d) She is Mr. Micawber’s cousin.

Answer: b) She is the daughter of his employer, Mr. Wickfield.

81. Why does Mr. Peggotty decide to emigrate to Australia?

a) To give Little Em’ly a fresh start.
b) To escape his debts.
c) To join Mr. Micawber in building a business.
d) To flee from Steerforth’s family.

Answer: a) To give Little Em’ly a fresh start.

82. What happens to Mr. Micawber at the end of the novel?

a) He becomes successful in Australia.
b) He remains in debt but hopeful.
c) He stays in England and continues struggling.
d) He retires with Betsey Trotwood’s support.

Answer: a) He becomes successful in Australia.

83. How does David feel about his time working at the wine warehouse?

a) It teaches him discipline and hard work.
b) He resents the humiliation and hardship.
c) He enjoys the camaraderie with other workers.
d) He finds it inspiring for his writing career.

Answer: b) He resents the humiliation and hardship.

84. What is the primary theme of David Copperfield?

a) The pursuit of wealth and power
b) The triumph of love, integrity, and perseverance
c) The inevitability of fate
d) The importance of education and discipline

Answer: b) The triumph of love, integrity, and perseverance

85. Who is the primary antagonist in the story?

a) Mr. Creakle
b) Uriah Heep
c) James Steerforth
d) Edward Murdstone

Answer: b) Uriah Heep

86. How does Mr. Peggotty react to Little Em’ly’s betrayal?

a) He disowns her.
b) He searches for her tirelessly and forgives her.
c) He blames Ham for not protecting her.
d) He demands retribution from Steerforth.

Answer: b) He searches for her tirelessly and forgives her.

87. What does David inherit from his aunt Betsey Trotwood?

a) Her house and wealth
b) A small monthly allowance
c) Legal guidance for his career
d) Her resilience and love for justice

Answer: a) Her house and wealth

88. What lesson does David learn from his relationship with Dora?

a) True love requires maturity and understanding.
b) Wealth is more important than love.
c) Youthful passion is fleeting.
d) Ambition should always come before personal relationships.

Answer: a) True love requires maturity and understanding.

89. What does the novel’s original title, The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery, signify?

a) The comprehensive nature of David’s life story
b) The novel’s focus on romantic relationships
c) The emphasis on David’s failures
d) The exploration of societal norms

Answer: a) The comprehensive nature of David’s life story

90. Who are the Micawbers indebted to throughout the story?

a) Uriah Heep
b) Multiple creditors
c) Betsey Trotwood
d) Mr. Wickfield

Answer: b) Multiple creditors

91. What is the name of the lawyer who introduces David to the legal profession?

a) Mr. Spenlow
b) Mr. Wickfield
c) Mr. Micawber
d) Mr. Peggotty

Answer: a) Mr. Spenlow

92. What is the reason for Mr. Wickfield’s dependence on Uriah Heep?

a) Wickfield’s financial difficulties and drinking problem
b) Heep’s control over Wickfield’s daughter, Agnes
c) Heep’s knowledge of Wickfield’s business secrets
d) Wickfield’s belief in Heep’s loyalty

Answer: a) Wickfield’s financial difficulties and drinking problem

93. How does David react to Steerforth’s betrayal of Little Em’ly?

a) He breaks all ties with Steerforth.
b) He forgives Steerforth but feels disappointed.
c) He tries to convince Steerforth to marry her.
d) He remains neutral, feeling conflicted.

Answer: a) He breaks all ties with Steerforth.

94. How does Betsey Trotwood handle her financial difficulties?

a) She secretly struggles but never asks for help.
b) She confides in David and relies on his support.
c) She confronts the problem head-on with dignity.
d) She sells her property to resolve the issue.

Answer: c) She confronts the problem head-on with dignity.

95. What lesson does Mr. Micawber ultimately learn by the end of the novel?

a) The value of hard work and honesty
b) The importance of maintaining a good reputation
c) The danger of relying too much on hope
d) The futility of chasing wealth

Answer: a) The value of hard work and honesty

96. What role does Little Em’ly play in the Peggotty family?

a) She is the family’s housekeeper.
b) She is their beloved daughter and a symbol of hope.
c) She is their breadwinner, working in the city.
d) She is an adopted member of the family.

Answer: b) She is their beloved daughter and a symbol of hope.

97. Why does Mr. Dick write about King Charles I in his memorial?

a) It reflects his obsession and symbolizes his mental struggles.
b) It is a secret code to expose Uriah Heep.
c) It is a historical interest passed down by his family.
d) It represents his dream to become a historian.

Answer: a) It reflects his obsession and symbolizes his mental struggles.

98. What quality makes Agnes Wickfield a suitable partner for David?

a) Her unwavering love and moral guidance
b) Her financial independence
c) Her ambition and intellectual pursuits
d) Her strict discipline and practicality

Answer: a) Her unwavering love and moral guidance

99. How does Steerforth justify his actions toward Little Em’ly?

a) He blames societal expectations.
b) He claims it is out of love for her.
c) He dismisses it as a youthful indiscretion.
d) He shows no remorse and feels entitled.

Answer: d) He shows no remorse and feels entitled.

100. What inspires David to pursue a career as a writer?

a) His aunt Betsey’s encouragement
b) His own life experiences and hardships
c) His admiration for literature at Salem House
d) His desire to make a name for himself

Answer: b) His own life experiences and hardships

101. Why is Mr. Peggotty considered a heroic character?

a) His selfless devotion to saving Little Em’ly
b) His ability to forgive Steerforth
c) His leadership in the fishing community
d) His role in helping David achieve success

Answer: a) His selfless devotion to saving Little Em’ly

102. What ultimately happens to Steerforth’s mother?

a) She becomes reclusive and dies in loneliness.
b) She forgives David and the Peggotty family.
c) She moves abroad to escape the shame.
d) She builds a new life after Steerforth’s death.

Answer: a) She becomes reclusive and dies in loneliness.

103. What is the significance of the title David Copperfield?

a) It highlights David as both the protagonist and narrator.
b) It focuses on David’s career in the copper industry.
c) It emphasizes David’s struggle with his father’s legacy.
d) It symbolizes David’s desire for wealth and power.

Answer: a) It highlights David as both the protagonist and narrator.

104. How does Uriah Heep maintain his power over others?

a) Through flattery and blackmail
b) Through his financial control
c) Through his charm and persuasion
d) Through his physical strength

Answer: a) Through flattery and blackmail

105. What does David do when he realizes his love for Agnes?

a) He immediately proposes to her.
b) He confesses his feelings after returning from abroad.
c) He seeks Betsey Trotwood’s advice.
d) He hesitates, fearing rejection.

Answer: b) He confesses his feelings after returning from abroad.

106. What happens to Jane Murdstone after Clara Copperfield’s death?

a) She leaves the household and disappears.
b) She continues to live with Mr. Murdstone.
c) She becomes a governess in another home.
d) She tries to reconcile with David.

Answer: b) She continues to live with Mr. Murdstone.

107. Why does David call his autobiography his “favorite child”?

a) It reflects his personal struggles and triumphs.
b) It brings him financial success and recognition.
c) It helps him heal from past losses.
d) It symbolizes his love for Dora and Agnes.

Answer: a) It reflects his personal struggles and triumphs.

108. What is the primary conflict in David Copperfield?

a) David’s struggle to find his identity and place in the world
b) The battle between David and Uriah Heep
c) The tragedy of Little Em’ly’s downfall
d) The collapse of the Wickfield family business

Answer: a) David’s struggle to find his identity and place in the world

109. Who provides comic relief in the story?

a) Mr. Micawber
b) Uriah Heep
c) Betsey Trotwood
d) Mr. Peggotty

Answer: a) Mr. Micawber

110. What does Betsey Trotwood’s character represent in the novel?

a) Independence, strength, and compassion
b) Wealth and social status
c) Traditional family values
d) Strict moral discipline

Answer: a) Independence, strength, and compassion