Thomas William Gunn (1929-2004)● Gunn grew up in England and later moved to the United States, where he settled in San Francisco. His poetry reflects both British formalism and American freedom.● Gunn often explored themes of personal freedom, particularly in the context of 1960s counterculture.● He was an Anglo- American poet.● His style is logical and economical.●...

 Philip Larkin(1922-1985)☆ He was an English poet and novelist.☆ When he was a school boy of 15, he wrote his first poem 'Winter Nocturne', which was published in his school magazine in 1938. It shows the the influence of Yeats.☆ He became famous as a novelist.☆ He spent much of his professional life as a librarian, notably at the University of Hull, which influenced his...

 Ted Hughes(1930-1998) ☆ He was an English Poet.☆ He was impressed with Yorkshire's local language and traditional oral literature.☆ He became the poet laureate in 1984.☆ Hughes is widely regarded as one of the most important poets of the 20th century, noted for his powerful imagery and exploration of the natural and mythical worlds.Important Works:- 1) The Hawk...

 Seamus Heaney (1939-2013) ☆ Seamus Heaney was an Irish poet, playwright, and translator.☆ He is considered one of the greatest poets of the 20th century.☆ He won nobel prize in 1995.☆ He was the writer of the modern version of "Beowulf".☆ Heaney joined the circle of Ulster (Belfast) poets in 1960s, which included Philip Hobbsbaum, Derek Mahon, Paul Muldoon, James Simmons,...

 William Langland (1332-1400)  William Langland was an English poet, best known for his allegorical poem "Piers Plowman".His life details are uncertain, but he is believed to have been born in the West Midlands, England.He wrote in Middle English and was influenced by medieval Christian thought.His date of death is unknown.He wrote only one famous work i.e. The Visions...

 Socrates (470-399 BC)☆ Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher from Athens.☆ He is considered one of the founders of Western philosophy.☆ Unlike other philosophers, he did not write any works; most of what we know about him comes from his students, especially Plato and Xenophon.☆ Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of Ethics and it is the Platonic...

 Euripides (480-406 BC)● Euripides was one of the three great tragedians of ancient Greece, along with Aeschylus and Sophocles. He was known for his innovative approach to Greek tragedy, presenting complex characters, psychological depth, and challenging traditional beliefs. His plays often questioned fate, the gods, and social norms, making him one of the most modern and controversial...

 Sophocles(497-406 BC)●  Sophocles was one of the greatest playwrights of ancient Greece and a central figure in the development of Greek tragedy. Along with Aeschylus and Euripides, he is one of the three great tragedians whose works have survived. His contributions to drama significantly influenced the evolution of Western theater.● According to Aristotle, Sophocles is...

 Aeschylus ( 523-456 BC)> Aeschylus is called as "The Father of Tragedy"> He was an ancient Greek Tragedian.> Only seven out of 70-90 plays survived.These seven tragedies are: - 1) "The Persians" (472 BC) 2) "Seven Against Thebes (472 BC)3) "The Suppliants" (463 BC)4)"Orestia " Trilogy 5) "Prometheus Bound"(authorship is disputed) > Orestia...

 Here are multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers based on The Age of Chaucer: 1. Which period is known as "The Age of Chaucer"? A) 1066–1200 B) 1340–1400 C) 1500–1600 D) 1660–1700 Answer: B) 1340–1400 2. Who is considered the "Father of English Poetry"? A) William Langland B) Geoffrey Chaucer C) John Gower D) Edmund Spenser Answer: B) Geoffrey Chaucer 3. What is Geoffrey...

 Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers based on Old English Literature: 1. Who is considered the father of Old English poetry? A) Geoffrey Chaucer B) Caedmon C) Alfred the Great D) Bede Answer: B) Caedmon 2. What is the primary theme of the epic poem Beowulf? A) Love and Romance B) The clash of religions C) Heroism and the struggle between good and evil D)...

Important  notes on Indian English novelist Jhumpa Lahiri  Personal Background Full Name: Nilanjana Sudeshna "Jhumpa" Lahiri. Birth: Born on July 11, 1967, in London, England, to Bengali immigrant parents from India. Nationality: British by birth, American by upbringing, and later Italian by immersion. Family: Her father was a librarian, and her mother was a teacher. Married...

 Important notes on Indian English writer Vikram Seth. Personal Background Birth: Vikram Seth was born on June 20, 1952, in Kolkata (Calcutta), India. Family: His father, Prem Seth, was an executive in the Bata Shoe Company, and his mother, Leila Seth, was the first woman Chief Justice of a High Court in India. Education: Studied at The Doon School, Dehradun. Graduated from...

 Thematic Significance of "Tolerant Soil" and "Childlike Submissiveness" in Jayanta Mahapatra's Grass Jayanta Mahapatra’s Grass is a contemplative poem that examines themes of mortality, resilience, and the continuity of life. The motifs of "tolerant soil" and "childlike submissiveness" hold profound thematic significance, reflecting the speaker's meditations on the inevitability...

 Analysis of Mortality in John Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale and Jayanta Mahapatra’s Grass Both John Keats and Jayanta Mahapatra explore the theme of mortality in their poems, but their approaches differ significantly due to cultural, historical, and philosophical perspectives. While Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale reflects a Romantic fascination with beauty, transience, and escapism,...

 Comparative Study of Sonnets by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, are pivotal figures in English poetry, credited with introducing the sonnet form to England. They adapted the Petrarchan sonnet for an English audience and influenced the development of the English (or Shakespearean) sonnet. Despite their shared...

 The Recent War Situation: A Reflection through War Literature War has always been a catalyst for profound change—social, political, and psychological. Whether it’s a local skirmish or a global conflict, war leaves an indelible mark on societies and individuals. In contemporary times, the echoes of war resonate not only through headlines but also through the voices of writers...

 Michael Madhusudan Dutta ( 1824- 1873) ★ He was a popular Bengali poet and dramatist.★ He was a pioneer of Bengali drama.★He is also considered as a father of Bengali sonnets.★ His famous work "Maghnad Bodh Kavya" is a tragic epic.Important works: 1) Tilottamma (1860) 2) Meghnad Bodh Kavya( ballad of Meghnad's Demise; 1861) These notes are very important for...

 Toru Dutt(1856-1877) ★ Toru Dutt was an Indian poet who wrote in English and French.★ Her father was Gobind Chandra Dutt, Sister Aru Dutt and brother Abju Dutt.Their family became Christian in 1852.★ She died at a very young age of 21. ★ She was born in Calcutta. She was a poet, novelist and translator. She translated some sonnets of de Cramont and regarded him as one...

Shashi Deshpande (1938-2016)> Shashi Despande is an award winning Indian novelist. She is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award for the novel "That Long Silence" in 1990. >She was born in "Karnataka" and known as 'Daughter of Kannada'. >She published her first collection of short stories in 1978 and her first novel "the dark holds no terror "in 1980 > She was...